With growing concern about the impacts of climate change on the environment, benchmarking and certifying sustainable development is becoming more important. Benchmarking- ing construction projects refers to establishing a baseline or standard for environmental impacts against which future projects can be compared. Certifications schemes for sustainable benchmarking are typically awarded when a project reduced impacts to specified point below a baseline or demonstrates a specific amount of impact mitigations in the project.
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Patrick R. Cunningham, Corresponding Author, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, USA and Visiting Fellowship Holder, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany. Sabbie A. Miller, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, USA Wolfram Schmidt, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany