In recent decades, pipeline construction in most European countries has focused on transport infrastructure or municipal wastewater or surface water drainage. Most drinking water mains were installed during the second half of the 20th century. In the many years that have passed since, work in this area has, at best, largely been limited to repairs, or the renewal of short sections. Now, however, there are some signs that this is changing in and around expanding urban centers. Increasingly, main supply lines are approaching capacity limits due to the dimensions used when they were installed. At the same time, there is a growing need to shore up supply for critical areas using alternative pipeline routes.